show Abstracthide AbstractBrain regions drive multiple physiological functions through specific gene expression patterns that adapt to environmental influences, drug treatments and disease conditions. To generate a detailed atlas of the brain transcriptome in the context of diabetes, we carried out RNA sequencing in hypothalamus, hippocampus, brainstem and striatum of the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes, which was applied to identify gene transcription adaptation to improved glycemic control following vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) in the GK.